We start by creating a table that contains couples of service_id and date defining the dates at which a service is provided.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS service_dates;
CREATE TABLE service_dates AS (
SELECT service_id, date_trunc('day', d)::date AS date
FROM calendar c, generate_series(start_date, end_date, '1 day'::interval) AS d
WHERE (
	(monday = 1 AND extract(isodow FROM d) = 1) OR
	(tuesday = 1 AND extract(isodow FROM d) = 2) OR
	(wednesday = 1 AND extract(isodow FROM d) = 3) OR
	(thursday = 1 AND extract(isodow FROM d) = 4) OR
	(friday = 1 AND extract(isodow FROM d) = 5) OR
	(saturday = 1 AND extract(isodow FROM d) = 6) OR
	(sunday = 1 AND extract(isodow FROM d) = 7)
)
EXCEPT
SELECT service_id, date
FROM calendar_dates WHERE exception_type = 2
UNION
SELECT c.service_id, date
FROM calendar c JOIN calendar_dates d ON c.service_id = d.service_id
WHERE exception_type = 1 AND start_date <= date AND date <= end_date
);
			

This table transforms the service patterns in the calendar table valid between a start_date and an end_date taking into account the week days, and then remove the exceptions of type 2 and add the exceptions of type 1 that are specified in table calendar_dates.

We now create a table trip_stops that determines the stops for each trip.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS trip_stops;
CREATE TABLE trip_stops (
  trip_id text,
  stop_sequence integer,
  no_stops integer,
  route_id text,
  service_id text,
  shape_id text,
  stop_id text,
  arrival_time interval,
  perc float
);

INSERT INTO trip_stops (trip_id, stop_sequence, no_stops, route_id, service_id,
  shape_id, stop_id, arrival_time)
SELECT t.trip_id, stop_sequence, MAX(stop_sequence) OVER (PARTITION BY t.trip_id),
  route_id, service_id, shape_id, stop_id, arrival_time
FROM trips t JOIN stop_times s ON t.trip_id = s.trip_id;

UPDATE trip_stops t
SET perc = CASE
WHEN stop_sequence =  1 then 0.0
WHEN stop_sequence =  no_stops then 1.0
ELSE ST_LineLocatePoint(g.shape_geom, s.stop_geom)
END
FROM shape_geoms g, stops s
WHERE t.shape_id = g.shape_id AND t.stop_id = s.stop_id;
			

We perform a join between trips and stop_times and determines the number of stops in a trip. Then, we compute the relative location of a stop within a trip using the function ST_LineLocatePoint.

We now create a table trip_segs that defines the segments between two consecutive stops of a trip.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS trip_segs;
CREATE TABLE trip_segs (
  trip_id text,
  route_id text,
  service_id text,
  stop1_sequence integer,
  stop2_sequence integer,
  no_stops integer,
  shape_id text,
  stop1_arrival_time interval,
  stop2_arrival_time interval,
  perc1 float,
  perc2 float,
  seg_geom geometry,
  seg_length float,
  no_points integer,
  PRIMARY KEY (trip_id, stop1_sequence)
);

INSERT INTO trip_segs (trip_id, route_id, service_id, stop1_sequence, stop2_sequence,
  no_stops, shape_id, stop1_arrival_time, stop2_arrival_time, perc1, perc2)  
WITH temp AS (
  SELECT trip_id, route_id, service_id, stop_sequence,
    LEAD(stop_sequence) OVER w AS stop_sequence2,
  MAX(stop_sequence) OVER (PARTITION BY trip_id),
  shape_id, arrival_time, LEAD(arrival_time) OVER w, perc, LEAD(perc) OVER w
  FROM trip_stops WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY trip_id ORDER BY stop_sequence)
)
SELECT * FROM temp WHERE stop_sequence2 IS NOT null;

UPDATE trip_segs t
SET seg_geom = ST_LineSubstring(g.shape_geom, perc1, perc2)
FROM shape_geoms g
WHERE t.shape_id = g.shape_id;

UPDATE trip_segs
SET seg_length = ST_Length(seg_geom), no_points = ST_NumPoints(seg_geom);
			

We use twice the LEAD window function for obtaning the next stop and the next percentage of a given stop and the MAX window function for obtaining the total number of stops in a trip. Then, we generate the geometry of the segment betwen two stops using the function ST_LineSubstring and compute the length and the number of points in the segment with functions ST_Length and ST_NumPoints.

The geometry of a segment is a linestring containing multiple points. From the previous table we know at which time the trip arrived at the first point and at the last point of the segment. To determine at which time the trip arrived at the intermediate points of the segments, we create a table trip_points that contains all the points composing the geometry of a segment.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS trip_points;
CREATE TABLE trip_points (
  trip_id text,
  route_id text,
  service_id text,
  stop1_sequence integer,
  point_sequence integer,
  point_geom geometry,
  point_arrival_time interval,
  PRIMARY KEY (trip_id, stop1_sequence, point_sequence)
);

INSERT INTO trip_points (trip_id, route_id, service_id, stop1_sequence,
  point_sequence, point_geom, point_arrival_time)
WITH temp1 AS (
  SELECT trip_id, route_id, service_id, stop1_sequence, stop2_sequence,
	no_stops, stop1_arrival_time, stop2_arrival_time, seg_length,
	(dp).path[1] AS point_sequence, no_points, (dp).geom as point_geom
FROM trip_segs, ST_DumpPoints(seg_geom) AS dp
),
temp2 AS (
SELECT trip_id, route_id, service_id, stop1_sequence, stop1_arrival_time,
	stop2_arrival_time, seg_length, point_sequence, no_points, point_geom
FROM temp1
WHERE point_sequence <> no_points OR stop2_sequence = no_stops
),
temp3 AS (
SELECT trip_id, route_id, service_id, stop1_sequence, stop1_arrival_time,
	stop2_arrival_time, point_sequence, no_points, point_geom,
	ST_Length(ST_MakeLine(array_agg(point_geom) OVER w)) / seg_length AS perc
FROM temp2 WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY trip_id, service_id, stop1_sequence
	ORDER BY point_sequence)
)
SELECT trip_id, route_id, service_id, stop1_sequence, point_sequence, point_geom,
CASE
WHEN point_sequence = 1 then stop1_arrival_time
WHEN point_sequence = no_points then stop2_arrival_time
ELSE stop1_arrival_time + ((stop2_arrival_time - stop1_arrival_time) * perc)
END AS point_arrival_time
FROM temp3;
			

In the temporary table temp1 we use the function ST_DumpPoints to obtain the points composing the geometry of a segment. Nevertheless, this table contains duplicate points, that is, the last point of a segment is equal to the first point of the next one. In the temporary table temp2 we filter out the last point of a segment unless it is the last segment of the trip. In the temporary table temp3 we compute in the attribute perc the relative position of a point within a trip segment with window functions. For this we use the function ST_MakeLine to construct the subsegment from the first point of the segment to the current one, determine the length of the subsegment with function ST_Length and divide this length by the overall segment length. Finally, in the outer query we use the computed percentage to determine the arrival time to that point.

Our last temporary table trips_input contains the data in the format that can be used for creating the MobilityDB trips.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS trips_input;
CREATE TABLE trips_input (
  trip_id text,
  route_id text,
  service_id text,
  date date,
  point_geom geometry,
  t timestamptz
);

INSERT INTO trips_input
SELECT trip_id, route_id, t.service_id, date, point_geom, date + point_arrival_time AS t
FROM trip_points t JOIN
( SELECT service_id, MIN(date) AS date FROM service_dates GROUP BY service_id) s
ON t.service_id = s.service_id;
			

In the inner query of the INSERT statement, we select the first date of a service in the service_dates table and then we join the resulting table with the trip_points table to compute the arrival time at each point composing the trips. Notice that we filter the first date of each trip for optimization purposes because in the next step below we use the shift function to compute the trips to all other dates. Alternatively, we could join the two tables but this will be considerably slower for big GTFS files.

Finally, table trips_mdb contains the MobilityDB trips.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS trips_mdb;
CREATE TABLE trips_mdb (
  trip_id text NOT NULL,
  route_id text NOT NULL,
  date date NOT NULL,
  trip tgeompoint,
  PRIMARY KEY (trip_id, date)
);

INSERT INTO trips_mdb(trip_id, route_id, date, trip)
SELECT trip_id, route_id, date,
  tgeompoint_seq(array_agg(tgeompoint_inst(point_geom, t) ORDER BY T))
FROM trips_input
GROUP BY trip_id, route_id, date;

INSERT INTO trips_mdb(trip_id, service_id, route_id, date, trip)
SELECT trip_id, route_id, t.service_id, d.date,
  shift(trip, make_interval(days => d.date - t.date))
FROM trips_mdb t JOIN service_dates d ON t.service_id = d.service_id AND t.date <> d.date;
			

In the first INSERT statement we group the rows in the trips_input table by trip_id and date while keeping the route_id atribute, use the array_agg function to construct an array containing the temporal points composing the trip ordered by time, and compute the trip from this array using the function tgeompointseq. As explained above, table trips_input only contains the first date of a trip. In the second INSERT statement we add the trips for all the other dates with the function shift.